Drs. Murray Straus and Elizabeth Gershoff, leading researchers on the practice of corporal punishment, warn, “The research is clear – parents should NEVER spank their children.”
Dr. Martin Teicher, Neuroscientist and Researcher on Early Abuse & Neglect and Brain Development discusses the effect of spanking on brain development.
Dr. Elizabeth Gershoff discusses the most recent research, 2016
September 2017, Catherine A. Taylor, Julia M. Fleckman, Shawna J. Lee
September 2017, Paolla Magioni Santini, Lucia C.A. Williams
September 2017, Sabrina Fréchette, Elisa Romano
March 2017, George Holden, Andrew Grogan-Kaylor, Joan Durrant & Elizabeth Gershoff
May 2017, Tracie Afifi, Natalie Mota, Jitender Sareen and Harriet MacMillan
Afifi, Traci, Derek Ford, et al; Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect
February 2017, Meifang Wang, Child Development
Elizabeth T. Gershoff, Andrew Grogan-Kaylor. Spanking and Child Outcomes: Old Controversies and New Meta-Analyses.. Journal of Family Psychology, 2016
Elizabeth Gershoff, Shawna Lee, Inna Altschul, Journal of Marriage & Family
Catherine Taylor, Journal of Child and Family Studies
March 16, 2015, Jennifer E. Lansford et al, Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
Save the Children & The Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children
JAMA Pediatrics, April 28, 2014, David Finkelhor, PhD
Child Abuse & Neglect, March 3, 2014, Shawna Lee, Andrew Grogan-Taylor
American Psychological Association, February, 2014, George Holden, PhD
KRIMINOLOGISCHES FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT NIEDERSACHSEN E.V., 2014, Christian Pfeiffer, PhD. Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, G.ermany
Stefanie Kemme, Christian Pfeiffer, Journal of Family Violence
Child: Care, Health, and Development, February 24, 2013, S. Scott, J. Lewsey, L. Thompson, P. Wilson
Afifi, Tracie, Pediatrics, July 2013; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-4021
Child Abuse & Neglect, November 16, 2013, George Holden
Spanking and Development Across the First Decade of Life, Pediatrics, October 21, 2013, Michael J. MacKenzie, PhD
Does Maternal Warmth Moderate Longitudinal Associations Between Maternal Spanking and Child Aggression in Early Childhood?, American Psychological Association, January, 2013, Gershoff, E.
Child Development Perspectives, Vol 7, #3, November 2013, Gershoff, E.
Children & Youth Services Review. Sep 2013, Vol. 35 Issue 9, p1476-1485. 10p, Lee, Shawna; Taylor, Catherine
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, September 2012, Michael E. Hyland, Ahmed M. Alkhalaf, Ben Whalley
Summary Analysis of the last 20 years of research on the effects of physical punishment on children.
Tracie O. Afifi, et al, Results from a Nationally Representative US Sample. PEDIATRICS, Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics
Editor-in-Cheif calls for Ban on Spanking in Home based upon the Research
Journal of Marriage & Family, October 2012, Maguire and Gromoske
Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2012, Joan Durrant PhD, Ron Ensom MSW RSW
Infant and Child Development Inf. Child. Dev. 21: 3–33 (2012), MacKenzie, M
Family Relations Apr 2012, Lansford, JE
Physical punishment and childhood aggression: the role of gender and gene–environment interplay, Brian B. Boutwell, AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Volume 37, pages 559–568 (2011)
Michael MacKenzie, et al Child Youth Serv. Rev. August 1, 2011, pgs.1364-1373
The Pitzer College Student Journal of Psychology, Volume 1, Fall 2011, Tamara A. Hamai, Ann Isbell, and Lillian Ku,
Corporal punishment in schools showed reduced executive functioning, abstract thinking, delayed gratification. Suggests that a punitive environment not only fosters increased dishonesty but also children’s abilities to lie to conceal their transgressions.
University of Toronto Social Development, Volume 20, Issue 4, pages 805–824, November 2011
Victoria Talwar, McGill University, Stephanie M. Carlson, University of Minnesota and Kang Lee
Pediatrics 2010; 125:5 e1057-1065, Catherine A. Taylor, Jennifer A. Manganello, Shawna J. Lee, and Janet C. Rice
Duke Law, Law & Contemporary Problems, Volume 73, Number 2 (Spring 2010)
Child Abuse Review Vol. 20: 57–66 (2011), Published online 18 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library, (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/car.1128, Adam J. Zolotor
Reduced Prefrontal Cortical Gray Matter Volume in Young Adults Exposed to Harsh Corporal Punishment, NeuroImage, Volume 47, Supplement 2, August 2009, Pages T66–T71, Akemi Tomoda, MD, PhD, Ann Polcari, PhD and Martin H. Teicher, MD
Dr. Murray Straus, Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire
Columbus, OH: Center for Effective Discipline, Gershoff, E.
This is a summary analysis of research on physical punishment published by the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, CANADA
Dr. Murray A. Straus, Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire
Pediatrics June 2006, 117:6 2055-2064; doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2204, Brigitte Vittrup, George W. Holden, & Jeanell Buck
Pediatrics 2004; 113:5 1321-1330
Eric P. Slade and Lawrence S. Wissow
Dr. Bugental, The hormonal costs of subtle forms of infant maltreatment, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara; US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health; January 2003
Sweden banned spanking in the home in 1979, and has conducted a 30-year-long longitudinal study to understand its results….
What are the outcomes from the ban on spanking in Sweden over thirty years later? Read the longitudinal study by Sweden’s Ministry of Health & Social Affairs.
Pediatrics Vol. 95 No. 1 January 1, 1995 pp. 105 ‐111
Rebecca R. S. Socolar, Ruth E. K. Stein